Rules
International summer biathlon competitions are held for different classes of competitors. There are races for men and women (older than 21 years) and races for junior men and junior women (older than 19 years). However, junior men and junior women are allowed to compete in senior races.
Cross-Biathlon
Summer biathlon can be done as a combination of cross-country running and shooting with a small bore rifle (Cross Biathlon).
The distance between the firing-line and the line of targets is 50 meters. When shooting in the prone position the target diameter is 4.5 cm, when shooting in the standing position the target diameter is 11.5 cm.
A hit is registered through a white indicator disc in front of the target.
If the athlete misses a target, he has to run a penalty loop with a length of 70 meters. For every loop not done, a two-minute penalty will be added to the athlete's overall time. In Individual competitions, no penalty loops are run. Instead, a 30 second penalty will be imposed for each target not hit.
The often strenuous courses can be surfaced with grass, sawdust, asphalt or cinder. During the race, rifles remain in a rack at the shooting range.
The following distances are run at an international level:
Men | Women | Junior Men | Junior Women | |
Individual | 7 km | 6 km | 7 km | 6 km |
Sprint | 4 km | 3 km | 4 km | 3 km |
Pursuit | 6 km | 5 km | 6 km | 5 km |
Mass Start | 6 km | 5 km | 6 km | 5 km |
Relay | 4x4 km | 4x3 km | 3x4 km | 3x3 km |
Mixed Relay | 2x3 km (F) 2x4 km (M) |
2x3 km (F) 2x4 km (M) |
2x3 km (Jun. F) 2x4 km (Jun. M) |
2x3 km (Jun. F) 2x4 km (Jun. M) |
In Individual, Pursuit and Mass Start, all athletes have to do four shooting bouts, two prone and two standing.
In Sprints and Relays, only one prone shooting and one standing shooting are performed. Every competitor in the relay team has three spare bullets for each shooting.
Roller-Biathlon
Summer biathlon can also be performed as a combination of roller skiing and small-bore shooting.
Roller Biathletes do also have to hit targets at a distance of 50 meters. Similar to all forms of biathlon the target diameter is 4.5 cm when shooting in the prone position and 11.5 cm, when shooting in the standing position.
The penalty loop is of 150 meters length. For every loop not done, a two-minute penalty will be added to the athlete's overall time.
The following distances are run at an international level:
Men | Women | Junior Men | Junior Women | |
Individual | 20 km | 15 km | 15 km | 12,5 km |
Sprint | 10 km | 7,5 km | 10 km | 7,5 km |
Pursuit | 12,5 km | 10 km | 12,5 km | 10 km |
Mass Start | 15 km | 12,5 km | 12,5 km | 10 km |
Relay | 4x7,5 km | 4x6 km | 4x7,5 km | 3x6 km |
Mixed Relay | (2x7,5 km + | 2x6 km) | (2x7,5 km + | 2x6 km) |
In Sprints and Pursuits, roller skiing athletes shoot twice, once prone and once standing.